How can I tell if a browser is automated by looking at navigation timing?

Automated browsers often expose incomplete or inconsistent navigation timing data because they patch or stub browser APIs. BotRefund's Navigation Timing Stub check looks for mismatches that a real browsing session would not normally create. If the timing data is missing or simplified, it becomes one piece of evidence. BotRefund cross-checks this with other signals before deciding if a visit is a bot.